Reading Comprehension Exercise 3 Healthy
LifeStyle
Guess the meanings of the words and then check them with the
glossary.
|
parasite |
chills |
transfusion |
stagnant |
display |
|
transmitted |
constipation |
antibodies |
contagious |
inflammation |
|
saliva |
dysfunction |
immune |
nausea |
intense |
|
clot |
disorientation |
respiratory |
fatal |
pronounced |
|
Words |
Guessed Meaning |
Actual Meaning from
Glossary |
|
parasite |
a living thing that
lives on other living organisms |
an animal or plant
that lives on or in another and gets its food from it |
|
transmitted |
pass, transfer |
to pass something from
one person, place or thing to another |
|
saliva |
natural watery
substance in the mouth |
liquid produced in the
mouth that helps one swallow and digest food |
|
clot |
lump |
a lump form in the
blood, which stops or disturbs the flow of blood |
|
chills |
shivering due to cold |
feeling of coldness |
|
constipation |
infrequent bowel
movements |
not able to discharge
solid waste from the body |
|
dysfunction |
abnormality |
problem in the working
of some part of the body |
|
disorientation |
disturbed mental
condition |
loss of sense of
direction |
|
transfusion |
blood transfer |
putting of one
person’s blood into another person’s body |
|
antibodies |
blood protein |
substances in the
blood that fight against diseases |
|
immune |
resistance |
cannot be harmed by a
disease because the body ahs developed the ability to fight it |
|
respiratory |
related to breathing |
breathing related |
|
stagnant |
standing |
standing in one place,
not flowing or moving |
|
contagious |
transmitted disease |
a disease that can
spread by touch |
|
nausea |
vomiting |
a feeling of wanting
to be sick |
|
fatal |
deadly |
causing or ending in
death |
|
display |
show |
to put up something in
a place where people can see it easily |
|
inflammation |
burning |
a condition in which a
part of the body is red, swollen and sore |
|
intense |
severe |
very great or severe |
|
pronounced |
distinct |
very noticeable |
Reading
Comprehension Exercise 4
Use as much words in your own sentences as possible.
|
parasite |
chills |
transfusion |
stagnant |
display |
|
transmitted |
constipation |
antibodies |
contagious |
inflammation |
|
saliva |
dysfunction |
immune |
nausea |
intense |
|
clot |
disorientation |
respiratory |
fatal |
pronounced |
|
Words |
Sentence |
|
Saliva |
The smell of food
causes the saliva to flow from the dog’s mouth. |
|
Clot |
The doctors removed
a clot from his brain. |
|
transfusion |
A blood transfusion saved
my uncle’s life. |
|
immune |
Corona Virus affects
the immune system of the body very badly. |
|
respiratory |
Respiratory diseases can be caused by smoking. |
|
stagnant |
Few fish survive in
the stagnant waters of the lake. |
|
nausea |
The side effects of
this medicine includes nausea and faintness. |
|
fatal |
My grandfather
suffered a fatal heart attack last month. |
Reading
Comprehension Exercise 6
Read the text and complete the following
table.
|
Disease |
Source (s) of Transmission |
Organs/Cells Attacked |
Symptoms |
|
Malaria |
infected mosquitoes |
liver/red blood cells |
high fever accompanied
by chills and sweating constipation, and kidney dysfunction |
|
Dengue |
infected mosquito,
from one human to another, blood transfusion, organ donation, and from the
mother to the child |
immune system/white
blood cells and antibodies |
high fever, severe
body pain, pain behind the eyes and decreased urine output |
|
Chikungunya |
mosquitoes, from
infected person to another |
muscle cells, joints,
skin, connective tissues, and central nervous system |
fever and skin rash,
headache, nausea and vomiting, muscle weakness and joint pain |
Reading
Comprehension Exercise 7
Write down the answers of the following questions.
Q.1) What are the most common diseases caused
by mosquito bites?
Answer:
The most common diseases caused by mosquito bites are malaria, dengue, and
chikungunya.
Q.2) Which specific part of the body becomes
highly infected in Cerebral Malaria?
Answer:
Brain becomes highly infected in Cerebral Malaria.
Q.3) What can lead to severe liver infection
when one has malaria?
Answer:
Plasmodium, a single-celled parasite infects the red blood cells of the body
until they burst. The newly developed plasmodium from the burst red blood cells
spread and infects more red blood cells throughout the body of the infected
person, thus killing all the cells. This can lead to severe liver infection
when one suffers from malaria.
Q.4) How is the immune system affected
through dengue?
Answer:
The immune system is affected when one suffers from dengue. The immune system
is affected once the virus enters the body, it circulates around the body and
attacks the white blood cells and other antibodies.
Q.5) How often can one get infected with
Chikungunya? Why?
Answer:
One can often get infected with Chikungunya because it can spread from an
infected person to others if the mosquito feeds on the infected person first
and then bites other people.
Q.6) Which two of the three diseases have
similar symptoms? What are these?
Answer:
Chikungunya and dengue have similar symptoms. Both of them display the similar
symptoms of joint pain, inflammation, low platelet count, high bleeding risk
and pain behind the eyes.
Q.7) How often does one have fever and chills
when one has malaria?
Answer:
When one has malaria, he often have fever and chills every two days.
Q.8) How do all these diseases affect our
life?
Answer:
All these diseases affect our life to a great extent as one has to take some
time to recover from the weakness caused by these diseases and this affects the
quality of one’s work.
Q.9) How can we protect ourselves from these
three diseases?
Answer:
We can protect ourselves from these three diseases by following certain
suggestions such as:
Wearing fully covered clothes
Using net coverings
Living in hygienic conditions
Avoiding stagnant water, both clean or dirty
Applying good quality mosquito repellent
Taking extra precaution from dawn to dusk
Seeking medical help as soon as possible
Q.10) What should we do if we want to recover
quickly from these diseases?
Answer:
If we want to recover quickly from these diseases, we should seek immediate
medical assistance because the earlier they are treated the quicker is the
recovery process.
Language
Practice Exercise 1
Look at the sentences in the table below.
Against each sentence put a tick mark in the column that identifies whether it
is a simple or a compound sentence.
|
No. |
Sentence |
Simple |
Compound |
|
1 |
This year has started
on a positive note for the students. |
Yes |
|
|
2 |
The classrooms smell
of fresh paint, as they were painted during the holidays. |
Yes |
|
|
3 |
The students love the
newly painted classrooms, and they like the newly polished desks. |
|
Yes |
|
4 |
Their motivation has
increased and their enthusiasm is clearly visible. |
|
Yes |
|
5 |
Most of the students
come to school regularly now. |
Yes |
|
|
6 |
They actively
participate in various class activities. |
Yes |
|
|
7 |
The students enjoy
being outdoors, because they all like sports activities. |
|
Yes |
|
8 |
They are happy with
the new look of the school, but they are not happy with the sports facilities
that they have. |
|
Yes |
|
9 |
They have requested
their principal for better sports and game facilities. |
|
Yes |
|
10 |
The students are
hopeful that they will have good facilities soon, because their
principal has promised that new play grounds will be developed. |
|
Yes |
Language
Practice Exercise 2
Join the two sentences to form a compound sentence, using any
conjunction: and, but, for, because, as, so, or, nor, etc.
a. Najma and Rehana studied very hard. They both got A grades in
their exams.
b. Her father is a pilot. He has flown many different types of planes.
c. Our car is very old. Its engine is in good condition.
d. The boys were playing cricket. It was the first day of their summer
vacations.
e. My brother is a good artist. He cannot sing at all.
f. You may buy only a new dress now. You may buy a new dress and
new shoes next month.
g. The baby cannot walk. The baby can crawl very fast.
h. I love gardening. I can grow my own fresh vegetables.
i. The flowers in this pot are very colorful. The flowers in your
garden have a lovely fragrance.
j. This book is very informative. It is also very interesting.
Answer:
a. Najma and Rehana studied very hard so they
both got A grades in their exams.
b. Her father is a pilot and he
has flown many different types of planes.
c. Our car is very old but its
engine is in good condition.
d. The boys were playing cricket as it
was the first day of their summer vacations.
e. My brother is a good artist but he
cannot sing at all.
f. You may buy only a new dress now as you
may buy a new dress and new shoes next month.
g. The baby cannot walk but the
baby can crawl very fast.
h. I love gardening and I
can grow my own fresh vegetables.
i. The flowers in this pot are very colorful but the
flowers in your garden have a lovely fragrance.
j. This book is very informative and it
is also very interesting.
Language
Practice Exercise 4
Sabiha keeps repeating the
same words in her letter to her friend Munira. Help her write a mix of simple
and compound sentences to make her writing interesting.
Rewrite the letter. Decide which parts should be simple sentences and which
should be compound sentences.
Sabiha’s letter to Munira
I have some exciting news for you about my town. There is a ‘Housing boom!’ in
our town. Builders are building new houses. They are planning to build at least
300 new houses. These houses are small. They can easily accommodate single
families. The houses will be mainly two storeyed. The people of our town are really
excited. The people of our town think that the town needs new people and new
business. It will be nice to have new people and new friends.
More people will mean more progress for our town. More people will require more
facilities. New roads have to be built. More transport facilities will be
required. We will have to build new schools. We will also need to build more
colleges. The town will need more shopping areas. The town will also have to
provide other facilities. New water and electricity facilities will have to be
provided.
Some people are not so happy. They feel that more people will make the town
crowded. There will be more electricity problems. There will be more pollution.
There will be more garbage in the town. There will be more vehicles and
factories. Travelling in the town will take a longer time. There will be more
traffic.
The houses will be built soon. The houses are expected to be built within two
years. Many people are interested. Many people want to by a house in our town.
The town is being connected to the port through a new highway. The town is near
a river. Water can be supplied easily to the town from the river. Many people
have already selected their property. There are still properties available.
Those interested in buying a house should hurry. All the houses will soon be
sold. People can contact the builders. The builder’s office can give them more
details.
Answer:
I have some exciting news for you about my town. There is a ‘Housing boom!’ in
our town. Builders are building new houses and they are planning to build at
least 300 new houses. These houses are small and they can easily accommodate
single families. The houses will be mainly two-storeyed. The people of our town
are really excited and they think that the town needs new people and new
business. It will be nice to have new people and new friends.
More people will mean more progress for our town. More people will require more
facilities. New roads have to be built and more transport facilities will be
required. We will have to build new schools and more colleges. The town will
need more shopping areas and other facilities. New water and electricity
facilities will have to be provided.
Some people are not so
happy as they feel that more people will make the town crowded. There will be
more electrical problems. There will be more pollution and there will be more
garbage in the town. There will be more vehicles and factories. Traveling in
the town will take a longer time and there will be more traffic.
The houses will be built soon, they are expected
to be built within two years. Many people are interested and they want to buy a
house in our town. The town is being connected to the port through a new
highway as it is near a river. Water can be supplied easily to the town from
the river. Many people have already selected their property and there are still
properties available. Those interested in buying a house should hurry. All the
houses will soon be sold. People can contact the builders so the builder’s
office can give them more details.
Language
Practice Exercise 5
The following exercise has
some statements, exclamations, wishes, hopes and promises in direct speech.
Change them from direct to indirect speech.
1. “I have many friends and I have to invite all of them tomorrow,” said Abid.
2. Reshma said, “I hope I will get admission in the medical college this year.”
3. “I wish I had ten hands and a hundred fingers to do all this work,” said
Feroza.
4. The student said, “I promise I will do my homework regularly from today.”
5. “They want to buy a new car,” said the lawyer, “but they don’t have any
money.”
6. “We hope we will be able to get permission from our parents,” said the
children.
7. “I never thought that a son of mine would get such bad marks!” said his
father.
8. The blind boy said, “I wish I could see this interesting match on the
television.”
9. “Next week, we promise, we will clean the whole house,” the children said to
their parents.
10. “Our team has won the champion’s trophy here for the first time!” said the
coach.
Answer:
1. Abid said that he had many friends and he had to invite all of them the
following day.
2. Reshma hoped she would get admission in the medical college that year.
3. Feroza wished she had ten hands and a hundred fingers to do all that work.
4. The student promised he would do his homework regularly from that day.
5. The lawyer said that they wanted to buy a new car but they didn’t have any
money.
6. The children hoped they would be able to get permission from their parents.
7. His father said he never thought that a son of his would get such bad marks.
8. The blind boy wished he could see that interesting match on the television.
9. The children promised their parents they would clean the whole house the
following week.
10. The coach said that their team had won the champion’s trophy there for the
first time.
Language
Practice Exercise 6
Read the following story and put all the direct speech sentences
into indirect speech. The story has statements, exclamations, wishes, promises,
and hopes. Make sure you follow the rules related to changing these different
types of sentences.
Avoiding Criticism
Nasrudin and his son were travelling with their donkey. Nasrudin preferred to
walk while his son rode the donkey. Soon they passed a group of bystanders, and
one of them said, “This boy is so selfish. He is riding on a donkey while his
poor old father is forced to walk alongside.”
“This is so disrespectful,” said another man. “What a horrible and spoiled
child!”
Nasrudin and his son felt embarrassed, so they changed places – this time
Nasrudin rode the donkey while his son walked. “I hope I am doing the right
thing now,” he said to himself.
Soon they passed another group of people. Seeing them, one of them exclaimed,
“The poor young boy has to walk while his selfish father is riding the donkey!
He is a heartless parent!”
Nasrudin was upset to hear this. “I wish people would mind their own business,”
he said.
Since he wanted to avoid any further comments, he decided that both he and his
son would ride the donkey at the same time. As they both rode, they passed
another group of people. “That man and his son are so cruel,” one bystander
commented. “They are forcing that poor donkey to bear the weight of two people.
They should be put in jail for this act.”
Nasrudin heard this and told his son, “The only way we can avoid people’s
comments is that we both walk.”
“I suppose you are right,” the son replied.
“I promise, nobody will be able to say anything to us as we are doing the right
thing this time,” said Nasrudin happily.
So they got off the donkey and continued on foot. But as they passed another
group of people, they heard them laughing. “These people are so stupid that
both of them are walking in this heat and neither of them is riding the
donkey,” they said. “What foolish people they are!”
Answer:
Avoiding Criticism
Nasrudin and his son were traveling with their donkey. Nasrudin preferred to
walk while his son rode the donkey. Soon they passed a group of bystanders, and
one of them said that boy was so selfish. He was riding on a donkey while his
poor old father was forced to walk alongside him.
Another man said that was so disrespectful. What a horrible and spoiled child.
Nasrudin and his son felt embarrassed, so they changed places – this time
Nasrudin rode the donkey while his son walked. He hoped he was doing the right
thing then.
Soon they passed another group of people. Seeing them, one of them exclaimed
the poor young boy had to walk while his selfish father was riding the donkey!
He was a heartless parent.
Nasrudin was upset to hear this. He wished people would mind their own
business.
Since he wanted to avoid any further comments, he decided that both he and his
son would ride the donkey at the same time. As they both rode, they passed
another group of people. One bystander commented that the man and his son were
so cruel. They were forcing that poor donkey to bear the weight of two people.
They should be put in jail for that act.
Nasrudin heard this and told his son that the only way they could avoid people’s
comments was that they both walk.
The son replied that he supposed he was right.
Nasrudin promised nobody would be able to say anything to them as they were
doing the right thing that time.
So they got off the donkey and continued on foot. But as they passed another
group of people, they heard them laughing. They said those people were so
stupid that both of them were walking in that heat and neither of them was
riding the donkey. What foolish people they were.
Writing
Exercise 1
Write a descriptive essay of at least four paragraphs, on one of
the following topics:
1. My favourite Aunt/Uncle
2. A teacher that I remember
3. Our school principal
4. My grandmother/grandfather
Answer:
1. My Favourite Aunt
Allah Almighty has blessed us with a great number of blessings that are
uncountable. One of them, is our relatives that surrounds us and has direct
influence on our lives. Without such relationships, its really difficult to
have a joyous, worthwhile living. I find myself quite lucky that I can enjoy
the company of both my maternal and paternal relatives. My paternal relatives
live in Islamabad whereas my maternal ones live in Karachi. Though I have close
and cordial relations with all my relatives but my favourite aunt is my ‘khala’
i.e. my mother’s sister.
My khala’s name is
Shazmina. She is the youngest of all her siblings. She is 22 years old and
lives with my maternal grandparents ‘nano and nana abu.’ She has done Masters
in Computer Sciences and now looking for a good job. Her nickname is Shazo. I,
too called her by this name. She has fair complexion and glowing skin. She is
medium heighted and enjoys perfect weight. Her light, brown hair are long,
reaching her knees and this always reminds me of Rapunzel. Her almond shaped
eyes have a touch of grey. She has a broad forehead, thin nose and rosy cheeks
with fine lips. She has nice voice, too.
My aunt is kind and gentle. Since my childhood, I have enjoyed her company. I
still remember the warmth of her lap. She used to sing lullaby to me and when I
turned two, she used to take me to the nearby park. She is cooperative and
helpful. I have never seen her treating anyone harshly or using abusive or bad
language with anyone not even with her servants and maid. She likes to wear
nice, simple clothes. She is very punctual in her prayers. I have noticed that
she always speaks truth and is very honest in all her work. Aunt Shazmina loves
painting and creative work. She has made many beautiful paintings that one can
see in my grandparents’ home. She likes giving gifts to others, I too have many
stuff toys, jewellery, and cosmetics given to me by Aunt Shazmina on different
occasions.
We should be thankful to God for the relationships we enjoy in our lives. Khala
Shazmina is a nice, caring, well-disciplined lady. She gives respect to
everyone and takes care of the needs of all especially of her parents. One of
the reasons that make her my favourite aunt is because she resembles my mom a
lot. I always pray for her health and success.
2. A Teacher that I Remember
A teacher holds an important place in the life of a student. A student has vast
experience of tolerating or enjoying the company of different kinds of teachers
throughout his study years, some are polite while others are strict; some are
young while others are old. A number of teachers taught me from playgroup to grade
04 but one of the teachers I like the best and still remember was Miss Aqsa
Kanwal, our English teacher. She had many qualities that made her the favourite
teacher of all the students.
Miss Aqsa had a pleasing personality. She was a tall, and smart lady. She had
big, brown coloured eyes defined with fine brows. Thin nose and full lips add
an extra charm to her beauty. She had flawless, glowing skin with a beautiful
small mole on the right side of her chin. I still remember that she used to
wear surma or kajal in her eyes and not very fond of too much make up. I was
really in love with her simplicity. I didn’t know anything about hair colour
and style because she always covered her head with dress matching scarves that
really suit her. Yes, I remember on asking one day, she told us that she had
long, dark brown hair. She used to wear simple but elegant dresses. She had
good collection of bags and shoes that she wore according to her dress. Miss
Aqsa had long, thin fingers with nicely shaped nails. I had never seen her
nails painted with nail polish, instead sometimes she dyed her hand nails with
mehndi, especially in summers.
Miss Aqsa’s mannerism and attitude were so great that attract everyone towards
her. She was a well-disciplined, soft-spoken, gentle-natured person. She never
compromised on rules and regulations. She always reached on time as she was a
punctual lady. She always loved to help others in time of need especially the
students. Once, I forgot to bring my lunch from home, she was the one who shared
her lunch with me. Miss Aqsa was an experienced and learned teacher. She was
very fond of reading books on different topics that’s why she was a sea of
knowledge. She had complete command over her subject. She had the quality to
understand the problems of her students and always tried to resolve them on
priority basis. Her way of teaching was so impressive and her teaching
methodology was quite simple that we learn and understand everything in the
class and not a single student of her class required any tuitions.
Everyone has different experience at school and with the teachers who teach us
in different grades. Teachers cast direct influence on the mind and personality
of their students. If one is fortunate to have a teacher just like Miss Aqsa
then he can really learn a lot in a fine way and reflects a well-groomed
personality as well. All in all, Miss Aqsa was the teacher who had many good
qualities that made her an impressive and unique individual. She always remain
in my heart as she was not only a teacher for me but a friend and mother too. I
always pray to Allah to bless her with good health, success and happiness in
life. (Ameen)
3. Our School Principal
School has many pillars that supports it to stand firm. One of the most
significant pillars is the principal. He/she is the one who shoulders the
responsibility of taking care of not only administrative and management
departments, but of training teaching staff for better performance. He by using
his rich knowledge and professional experience creates a comfortable and
learning based environment for both the teachers and students.
Our school principal’s name is Mr. Shamshad Ashraf. He is 42 years of age. He
is a highly-educated person possessing the degrees of MBA, Masters in Urdu
Literature and M.Ed as well. He has wheatish complexion. A slight touch of grey
in his short, nicely trimmed black hair speaks of his learned, knowledgeable
personality. Mr. Shamshad is tall and smart. He has black eyes and his face is
nicely framed with beard and moustache. He wears glasses especially while
reading. He is a well-dressed person. He usually wears light colour pant coat
and on Fridays he likes wearing shalwar kameez. His shoes are always polished.
Mr. Shamshad has a nice collection of watches. He carries a nice leather bag
containing important documents.
Mr. Shamshad joins our school two years back. Since then, our school has
witnessed many positive changes and is making progress by leaps and bounds. He
is a disciplined and punctual person. Our principal is cooperative and gentle
but he never compromises on rules and regulations. He wants all the staff and
students to be on time. He is dedicated to his work and perform his duties and
responsibilities with utmost sincerity. He encourages teachers and students either
verbally or by delivering appreciation certificates by the end of each year.
This really boosts the morale of teachers and students and gives them new
energy to perform better. Apart from maintaining and raising the educational
standard of the school, he considers the mental and physical health of students
and teaching staff of greatest importance. For that, as per his orders, our
school arranges various extra curricular activities every year including debate
competition, drama competition, sports gala, fun fair, science and arts
exhibitions. Both teachers and students really wait for that as participating
in such events helps them to relax and enjoy with full zeal and zest. He also
encourages teachers to attend workshops and seminars regarding teaching
methodologies and students handling techniques.
Our school principal really works hard for the betterment of the future
generation. He is a visionary person who wants to see the school making
progress. Students as well as teaching staff are proud of our principal and we
wish that we have him for much longer years. It is a fact that with his
presence, we are all very happy. He has been the best principal and we all love
him. He is gentle, yet strong, and we all pray for his success throughout his
life.
4. My Grandfather
A person can learn a lot from the relationships that are essential for knitting
a whole family structure. Grandparents are the foundation stone of a family
building. My grandfather is one such person who has the most significant and
strongest influence in my life. Throughout my childhood years, I have learned
countless lessons and values from him. He is the greatest man I have ever
known. I must thank to his influential characteristics and to our close
relationship, I was shaped into the individual I am today. He is present
throughout my physical, emotional, and spiritual growth.
My grandfather’s name is Ashfaque Ahmed. He is the living legend of the whole
family. This year, we have celebrated his 80th birthday. Reached this age,
still he is quite active and energetic. He was born in Meirut, India in 1940.
He is a tall and slim person. His head bears few hair exposing the baldness at
the center. The wrinkles of his face and hands have a rich story to tell as
they have witnessed both soft and hard times of his life. He has fair
complexion and slim face with brown eyes and thin lips. Though he enjoys good
heath, sometimes his blood pressure rises really high that worries us, as we
are not ready to lose him at any point of our life.
Retired from the rank of Brigadier, he has passed his life in a much
disciplined and organized manner. He joined army due to his passion to serve
his homeland. He is a very dedicated, committed and honest army officer. He is
very fond of reading books and not a single day of his is passed without
reading book of his choice. He has a great collection of books on different
subjects. He is a strict sort of a person but he really enjoys the company of
his grandchildren. While sitting by the fire place on his favourite Victorian
chair, he do cracks jokes and tell us the stories of his life and adventures.
He wants everyone of us to live a disciplined life as he considers it one of
the essential elements for leading a successful life. He likes giving us
lectures on various aspects of life and we are the lucky ones to get benefit
from his advice and suggestions.
My grandfather is an
influential person. I always admire him for his impressive personality and
great qualities and abilities. It is my passion to join the army too just being
impressed by my grandfather. I always pray to Allah Almighty to bless him with
a long, healthy, happy life to live more and more years among us all.
Ameen
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